辣木多糖酶促提取技术优化及不同部位含量研究

摘  要  為研究辣木多糖的酶促提取工艺和辣木不同部位的多糖含量，在单因素试验的基础上，以多糖提取率为指标，选择纤维素酶用量、提取温度、提取时间、液料比为试验因素，采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对纤维素酶辅助提取辣木多糖的工艺参数进行优化，并在此基础上研究辣木不同部位的多糖含量差异。4种因素对辣木多糖提取率的影响顺序依次为：纤维素酶用量>提取温度>液料比>提取时间。建立辣木多糖提取率（Y）与纤维素酶用量（X₁）、提取温度（X₂）、提取时间（X₃）、液料比（X₄）的二次正交回归模型：Y = 18.6602+0.8134X₁+0.7572X₂–0.4312X₃+0.6909X₄– 0.5181X₁²–0.4935X₂²–0.6277X₄²，该模型拟合度好，4个因素均对多糖提取率有显著影响（p<0.05）。通过回归模型获得优化的提取工艺为：纤维素酶用量1.60%，提取温度53 ℃，提取时间68 min，液料比52∶1，在此条件下辣木多糖提取率为19.83%，实际值与预测值一致。辣木不同部位的多糖含量结果表明，辣木根、花、嫩叶、茎中均含有丰富的多糖，其中根中含量最高且极显著高于其他部位（p<0.01），可进一步开发利用。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化得到的辣木多糖酶促提取工艺条件准确可靠，可有效提高辣木多糖提取率并可在生产中推广应用。

关键词  辣木;多糖;纤维素酶;正交旋转组合设计;含量中图分类号  Q949.748.5      文献标识码  A

Optimization for Enzymatic Extraction Process of Polysaccharide from Moringa oleifera Lam. and the Contents

ZHOU Daong¹， YE Xinfu^1*， WANG Xiao’an¹， WEI Xiaoxia¹， LIU Ping²

1. Fruit Research Institute， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350013， China; 2. Yangtze University， Jingzhou， Hubei 434023， China

Abstract  Single factor experiments incluing enzymatic dosage， extraction temperature， extraction time， ratio of liquid to material， and quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design were used to optimize the enzymatic extraction process of polysaccharide from Moringa oleifera Lam.. The quadratic orthogonal regression model of extracted polysaccharide rate （Y） for enzymatic dosage （X₁）， extraction temperature （X₂）， extraction time （X₃） and ratio of liquid to material （X₄） was Y=18.6602+0.8134X₁+0.7572X₂–0.4312X₃+0.6909X₄–0.5181X₁²–0.4935X₂²–0.6277X₄²， which had a good fitting degree. The four factors had significant effects on rate of polysaccharide extracted （p<0.05）. Furthermore， the optimal compound enzymatic extraction process conditions were as follows： enzymatic dosage of 1.60%， extraction temperature of 53 ℃， extraction time of 68 min， and ratio of liquid to material of 52∶1. Under optimal conditions， the verified value of extracted polysaccharide rate was 19.83%. The contents of polysaccharide from different parts of Moringa had remarkable difference. The content was ranked downward in root， flower， tender leaves， and stalk. It was accurate and reliable that the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was used to optimize enzymatic extraction process conditions，and the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide from Moringa could be improved effectively， so it could be applied in the actual production. Furthermore， the content of polysaccharide in the root of Moringa was the highest and it was worthy of exploitation and utilization.